ZodError: [
  {
    "code": "too_small",
    "minimum": 1,
    "type": "string",
    "inclusive": true,
    "exact": false,
    "message": "String must contain at least 1 character(s)",
    "path": [
      "title"
    ]
  },
  {
    "code": "too_small",
    "minimum": 1,
    "type": "number",
    "inclusive": true,
    "exact": false,
    "message": "Number must be greater than or equal to 1",
    "path": [
      "price"
    ]
  },
  {
    "code": "too_big",
    "maximum": 10,
    "type": "number",
    "inclusive": true,
    "exact": false,
    "message": "Number must be less than or equal to 10",
    "path": [
      "quantity"
    ]
  },
  {
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "expected": "string",
    "received": "null",
    "path": [
      "tags",
      1
    ],
    "message": "Expected string, received null"
  },
  {
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "expected": "string",
    "received": "undefined",
    "path": [
      "tags",
      3
    ],
    "message": "Required"
  },
  {
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "expected": "number",
    "received": "undefined",
    "path": [
      "images",
      0,
      "id"
    ],
    "message": "Required"
  },
  {
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "expected": "date",
    "received": "null",
    "path": [
      "images",
      0,
      "created"
    ],
    "message": "Expected date, received null"
  },
  {
    "received": "mp4",
    "code": "invalid_enum_value",
    "options": [
      "jpg",
      "png"
    ],
    "path": [
      "images",
      0,
      "type"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid enum value. Expected 'jpg' | 'png', received 'mp4'"
  },
  {
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "expected": "string",
    "received": "undefined",
    "path": [
      "images",
      1,
      "url"
    ],
    "message": "Required"
  },
  {
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "expected": "number",
    "received": "string",
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      0,
      "id"
    ],
    "message": "Expected number, received string"
  },
  {
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "expected": "date",
    "received": "undefined",
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      0,
      "created"
    ],
    "message": "Required"
  },
  {
    "validation": "url",
    "code": "invalid_string",
    "message": "Invalid url",
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      0,
      "url"
    ]
  },
  {
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "expected": "string",
    "received": "undefined",
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      1,
      "title"
    ],
    "message": "Required"
  },
  {
    "expected": "'jpg' | 'png'",
    "received": "undefined",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      1,
      "type"
    ],
    "message": "Required"
  },
  {
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "expected": "number",
    "received": "undefined",
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      1,
      "size"
    ],
    "message": "Required"
  }
]
    at get error (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/zod@4.6.5/node_modules/zod/v3/types.js:39:31)
    at ZodObject.parse (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/zod@4.6.5/node_modules/zod/v3/types.js:114:22)
    at Object.throw (file:///schemas/dist/benchmarks-Bqcn7-Ls.mjs:105:11)
    at file:///bench/src/scripts/stack/log.ts:24:28 {
  issues: [
    {
      code: 'too_small',
      minimum: 1,
      type: 'string',
      inclusive: true,
      exact: false,
      message: 'String must contain at least 1 character(s)',
      path: [Array]
    },
    {
      code: 'too_small',
      minimum: 1,
      type: 'number',
      inclusive: true,
      exact: false,
      message: 'Number must be greater than or equal to 1',
      path: [Array]
    },
    {
      code: 'too_big',
      maximum: 10,
      type: 'number',
      inclusive: true,
      exact: false,
      message: 'Number must be less than or equal to 10',
      path: [Array]
    },
    {
      code: 'invalid_type',
      expected: 'string',
      received: 'null',
      path: [Array],
      message: 'Expected string, received null'
    },
    {
      code: 'invalid_type',
      expected: 'string',
      received: 'undefined',
      path: [Array],
      message: 'Required'
    },
    {
      code: 'invalid_type',
      expected: 'number',
      received: 'undefined',
      path: [Array],
      message: 'Required'
    },
    {
      code: 'invalid_type',
      expected: 'date',
      received: 'null',
      path: [Array],
      message: 'Expected date, received null'
    },
    {
      received: 'mp4',
      code: 'invalid_enum_value',
      options: [Array],
      path: [Array],
      message: "Invalid enum value. Expected 'jpg' | 'png', received 'mp4'"
    },
    {
      code: 'invalid_type',
      expected: 'string',
      received: 'undefined',
      path: [Array],
      message: 'Required'
    },
    {
      code: 'invalid_type',
      expected: 'number',
      received: 'string',
      path: [Array],
      message: 'Expected number, received string'
    },
    {
      code: 'invalid_type',
      expected: 'date',
      received: 'undefined',
      path: [Array],
      message: 'Required'
    },
    {
      validation: 'url',
      code: 'invalid_string',
      message: 'Invalid url',
      path: [Array]
    },
    {
      code: 'invalid_type',
      expected: 'string',
      received: 'undefined',
      path: [Array],
      message: 'Required'
    },
    {
      expected: "'jpg' | 'png'",
      received: 'undefined',
      code: 'invalid_type',
      path: [Array],
      message: 'Required'
    },
    {
      code: 'invalid_type',
      expected: 'number',
      received: 'undefined',
      path: [Array],
      message: 'Required'
    }
  ],
  addIssue: [Function (anonymous)],
  addIssues: [Function (anonymous)]
}

$ZodError: [
  {
    "origin": "string",
    "code": "too_small",
    "minimum": 1,
    "inclusive": true,
    "path": [
      "title"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input"
  },
  {
    "origin": "number",
    "code": "too_small",
    "minimum": 1,
    "inclusive": true,
    "path": [
      "price"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input"
  },
  {
    "origin": "number",
    "code": "too_big",
    "maximum": 10,
    "inclusive": true,
    "path": [
      "quantity"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input"
  },
  {
    "expected": "string",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "tags",
      1
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input"
  },
  {
    "expected": "string",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "tags",
      3
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input"
  },
  {
    "expected": "number",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "images",
      0,
      "id"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input"
  },
  {
    "expected": "date",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "images",
      0,
      "created"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input"
  },
  {
    "code": "invalid_value",
    "values": [
      "jpg",
      "png"
    ],
    "path": [
      "images",
      0,
      "type"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input"
  },
  {
    "expected": "string",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "images",
      1,
      "url"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input"
  },
  {
    "expected": "number",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      0,
      "id"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input"
  },
  {
    "expected": "date",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      0,
      "created"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input"
  },
  {
    "code": "invalid_format",
    "format": "url",
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      0,
      "url"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input"
  },
  {
    "expected": "string",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      1,
      "title"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input"
  },
  {
    "code": "invalid_value",
    "values": [
      "jpg",
      "png"
    ],
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      1,
      "type"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input"
  },
  {
    "expected": "number",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      1,
      "size"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input"
  }
]
    at Module.fn (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/zod@4.6.5/node_modules/zod/v4/core/parse.js:17:18)
    at ZodMiniObject.parse (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/zod@4.6.5/node_modules/zod/v4/mini/schemas.js:20:22)
    at Object.throw (file:///schemas/dist/benchmarks-CMirnmh3.mjs:206:11)
    at file:///bench/src/scripts/stack/log.ts:24:28

[ZodError: [
  {
    "origin": "string",
    "code": "too_small",
    "minimum": 1,
    "inclusive": true,
    "path": [
      "title"
    ],
    "message": "Too small: expected string to have >=1 characters"
  },
  {
    "origin": "number",
    "code": "too_small",
    "minimum": 1,
    "inclusive": true,
    "path": [
      "price"
    ],
    "message": "Too small: expected number to be >=1"
  },
  {
    "origin": "number",
    "code": "too_big",
    "maximum": 10,
    "inclusive": true,
    "path": [
      "quantity"
    ],
    "message": "Too big: expected number to be <=10"
  },
  {
    "expected": "string",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "tags",
      1
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input: expected string, received null"
  },
  {
    "expected": "string",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "tags",
      3
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input: expected string, received undefined"
  },
  {
    "expected": "number",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "images",
      0,
      "id"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input: expected number, received undefined"
  },
  {
    "expected": "date",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "images",
      0,
      "created"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input: expected date, received null"
  },
  {
    "code": "invalid_value",
    "values": [
      "jpg",
      "png"
    ],
    "path": [
      "images",
      0,
      "type"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid option: expected one of \"jpg\"|\"png\""
  },
  {
    "expected": "string",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "images",
      1,
      "url"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input: expected string, received undefined"
  },
  {
    "expected": "number",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      0,
      "id"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input: expected number, received string"
  },
  {
    "expected": "date",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      0,
      "created"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input: expected date, received undefined"
  },
  {
    "code": "invalid_format",
    "format": "url",
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      0,
      "url"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid URL"
  },
  {
    "expected": "string",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      1,
      "title"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input: expected string, received undefined"
  },
  {
    "code": "invalid_value",
    "values": [
      "jpg",
      "png"
    ],
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      1,
      "type"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid option: expected one of \"jpg\"|\"png\""
  },
  {
    "expected": "number",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      1,
      "size"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input: expected number, received undefined"
  }
]]

ZodError: [
  {
    "origin": "string",
    "code": "too_small",
    "minimum": 1,
    "inclusive": true,
    "path": [
      "title"
    ],
    "message": "Too small: expected string to have >=1 characters"
  },
  {
    "origin": "number",
    "code": "too_small",
    "minimum": 1,
    "inclusive": true,
    "path": [
      "price"
    ],
    "message": "Too small: expected number to be >=1"
  },
  {
    "origin": "number",
    "code": "too_big",
    "maximum": 10,
    "inclusive": true,
    "path": [
      "quantity"
    ],
    "message": "Too big: expected number to be <=10"
  },
  {
    "expected": "string",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "tags",
      1
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input: expected string, received null"
  },
  {
    "expected": "string",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "tags",
      3
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input: expected string, received undefined"
  },
  {
    "expected": "number",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "images",
      0,
      "id"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input: expected number, received undefined"
  },
  {
    "expected": "date",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "images",
      0,
      "created"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input: expected date, received null"
  },
  {
    "code": "invalid_value",
    "values": [
      "jpg",
      "png"
    ],
    "path": [
      "images",
      0,
      "type"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid option: expected one of \"jpg\"|\"png\""
  },
  {
    "expected": "string",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "images",
      1,
      "url"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input: expected string, received undefined"
  },
  {
    "expected": "number",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      0,
      "id"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input: expected number, received string"
  },
  {
    "expected": "date",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      0,
      "created"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input: expected date, received undefined"
  },
  {
    "code": "invalid_format",
    "format": "url",
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      0,
      "url"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid URL"
  },
  {
    "expected": "string",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      1,
      "title"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input: expected string, received undefined"
  },
  {
    "code": "invalid_value",
    "values": [
      "jpg",
      "png"
    ],
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      1,
      "type"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid option: expected one of \"jpg\"|\"png\""
  },
  {
    "expected": "number",
    "code": "invalid_type",
    "path": [
      "ratings",
      1,
      "images",
      1,
      "size"
    ],
    "message": "Invalid input: expected number, received undefined"
  }
]
    at Object.throw (file:///schemas/dist/benchmarks-QIWSExfk.mjs:242:11)
    at file:///bench/src/scripts/stack/log.ts:24:28

ValidationError: ratings[1].images[0].url must be a valid URL
    at createError (/node_modules/.pnpm/yup@1.7.1/node_modules/yup/index.js:352:21)
    at handleResult (/node_modules/.pnpm/yup@1.7.1/node_modules/yup/index.js:371:104)
    at validate (/node_modules/.pnpm/yup@1.7.1/node_modules/yup/index.js:394:5)
    at StringSchema.runTests (/node_modules/.pnpm/yup@1.7.1/node_modules/yup/index.js:855:7)
    at /node_modules/.pnpm/yup@1.7.1/node_modules/yup/index.js:810:12
    at nextOnce (/node_modules/.pnpm/yup@1.7.1/node_modules/yup/index.js:841:7)
    at finishTestRun (/node_modules/.pnpm/yup@1.7.1/node_modules/yup/index.js:860:11)
    at handleResult (/node_modules/.pnpm/yup@1.7.1/node_modules/yup/index.js:371:124)
    at validate (/node_modules/.pnpm/yup@1.7.1/node_modules/yup/index.js:394:5)
    at StringSchema.runTests (/node_modules/.pnpm/yup@1.7.1/node_modules/yup/index.js:855:7) {
  value: {
    ratings: [ [Object], [Object] ],
    images: [ [Object], [Object], [Object] ],
    tags: [ 'fruit', null, 'round', undefined, 'juicy', 'healthy' ],
    quantity: 1000,
    discount: null,
    price: 0,
    description: 'Red apple from Lake Constance',
    brand: 'Sunny Backyard',
    title: '',
    created: 2026-10-09T11:04:12.697Z,
    id: 252
  },
  path: 'ratings[1].images[0].url',
  type: 'url',
  params: {
    value: 'INVALID_URL',
    originalValue: 'INVALID_URL',
    label: undefined,
    path: 'ratings[1].images[0].url',
    spec: {
      strip: false,
      strict: false,
      abortEarly: true,
      recursive: true,
      disableStackTrace: false,
      nullable: false,
      optional: false,
      coerce: true
    },
    disableStackTrace: false,
    regex: /^((https?|ftp):)?\/\/(((([a-z]|\d|-|\.|_|~|[\u00A0-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFEF])|(%[\da-f]{2})|[!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=]|:)*@)?(((\d|[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.(\d|[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.(\d|[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.(\d|[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5]))|((([a-z]|\d|[\u00A0-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFEF])|(([a-z]|\d|[\u00A0-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFEF])([a-z]|\d|-|\.|_|~|[\u00A0-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFEF])*([a-z]|\d|[\u00A0-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFEF])))\.)+(([a-z]|[\u00A0-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFEF])|(([a-z]|[\u00A0-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFEF])([a-z]|\d|-|\.|_|~|[\u00A0-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFEF])*([a-z]|[\u00A0-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFEF])))\.?)(:\d*)?)(\/((([a-z]|\d|-|\.|_|~|[\u00A0-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFEF])|(%[\da-f]{2})|[!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=]|:|@)+(\/(([a-z]|\d|-|\.|_|~|[\u00A0-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFEF])|(%[\da-f]{2})|[!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=]|:|@)*)*)?)?(\?((([a-z]|\d|-|\.|_|~|[\u00A0-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFEF])|(%[\da-f]{2})|[!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=]|:|@)|[\uE000-\uF8FF]|\/|\?)*)?(\#((([a-z]|\d|-|\.|_|~|[\u00A0-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFEF])|(%[\da-f]{2})|[!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=]|:|@)|\/|\?)*)?$/i
  },
  errors: [ 'ratings[1].images[0].url must be a valid URL' ],
  inner: [],
  Symbol(Symbol.toStringTag): 'Error'
}

ValiError: Invalid length: Expected >=1 but received 0
    at Module.parse (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/valibot@1.5.0_typescript@7.0.2/node_modules/valibot/dist/index.mjs:7320:28)
    at Object.throw (file:///schemas/dist/benchmarks-Bt3STUpN.mjs:122:6)
    at file:///bench/src/scripts/stack/log.ts:24:28 {
  issues: [
    {
      kind: 'validation',
      type: 'min_length',
      input: '',
      expected: '>=1',
      received: '0',
      message: 'Invalid length: Expected >=1 but received 0',
      requirement: 1,
      path: [Array],
      issues: undefined,
      lang: undefined,
      abortEarly: undefined,
      abortPipeEarly: undefined
    },
    {
      kind: 'validation',
      type: 'min_value',
      input: 0,
      expected: '>=1',
      received: '0',
      message: 'Invalid value: Expected >=1 but received 0',
      requirement: 1,
      path: [Array],
      issues: undefined,
      lang: undefined,
      abortEarly: undefined,
      abortPipeEarly: undefined
    },
    {
      kind: 'validation',
      type: 'max_value',
      input: 1000,
      expected: '<=10',
      received: '1000',
      message: 'Invalid value: Expected <=10 but received 1000',
      requirement: 10,
      path: [Array],
      issues: undefined,
      lang: undefined,
      abortEarly: undefined,
      abortPipeEarly: undefined
    },
    {
      kind: 'schema',
      type: 'string',
      input: null,
      expected: 'string',
      received: 'null',
      message: 'Invalid type: Expected string but received null',
      requirement: undefined,
      path: [Array],
      issues: undefined,
      lang: undefined,
      abortEarly: undefined,
      abortPipeEarly: undefined
    },
    {
      kind: 'schema',
      type: 'string',
      input: undefined,
      expected: 'string',
      received: 'undefined',
      message: 'Invalid type: Expected string but received undefined',
      requirement: undefined,
      path: [Array],
      issues: undefined,
      lang: undefined,
      abortEarly: undefined,
      abortPipeEarly: undefined
    },
    {
      kind: 'schema',
      type: 'object',
      input: undefined,
      expected: '"id"',
      received: 'undefined',
      message: 'Invalid key: Expected "id" but received undefined',
      requirement: undefined,
      path: [Array],
      issues: undefined,
      lang: undefined,
      abortEarly: undefined,
      abortPipeEarly: undefined
    },
    {
      kind: 'schema',
      type: 'date',
      input: null,
      expected: 'Date',
      received: 'null',
      message: 'Invalid type: Expected Date but received null',
      requirement: undefined,
      path: [Array],
      issues: undefined,
      lang: undefined,
      abortEarly: undefined,
      abortPipeEarly: undefined
    },
    {
      kind: 'schema',
      type: 'picklist',
      input: 'mp4',
      expected: '("jpg" | "png")',
      received: '"mp4"',
      message: 'Invalid type: Expected ("jpg" | "png") but received "mp4"',
      requirement: undefined,
      path: [Array],
      issues: undefined,
      lang: undefined,
      abortEarly: undefined,
      abortPipeEarly: undefined
    },
    {
      kind: 'schema',
      type: 'object',
      input: undefined,
      expected: '"url"',
      received: 'undefined',
      message: 'Invalid key: Expected "url" but received undefined',
      requirement: undefined,
      path: [Array],
      issues: undefined,
      lang: undefined,
      abortEarly: undefined,
      abortPipeEarly: undefined
    },
    {
      kind: 'schema',
      type: 'number',
      input: 'abc',
      expected: 'number',
      received: '"abc"',
      message: 'Invalid type: Expected number but received "abc"',
      requirement: undefined,
      path: [Array],
      issues: undefined,
      lang: undefined,
      abortEarly: undefined,
      abortPipeEarly: undefined
    },
    {
      kind: 'schema',
      type: 'date',
      input: undefined,
      expected: 'Date',
      received: 'undefined',
      message: 'Invalid type: Expected Date but received undefined',
      requirement: undefined,
      path: [Array],
      issues: undefined,
      lang: undefined,
      abortEarly: undefined,
      abortPipeEarly: undefined
    },
    {
      kind: 'validation',
      type: 'url',
      input: 'INVALID_URL',
      expected: null,
      received: '"INVALID_URL"',
      message: 'Invalid URL: Received "INVALID_URL"',
      requirement: [Function: requirement],
      path: [Array],
      issues: undefined,
      lang: undefined,
      abortEarly: undefined,
      abortPipeEarly: undefined
    },
    {
      kind: 'schema',
      type: 'object',
      input: undefined,
      expected: '"title"',
      received: 'undefined',
      message: 'Invalid key: Expected "title" but received undefined',
      requirement: undefined,
      path: [Array],
      issues: undefined,
      lang: undefined,
      abortEarly: undefined,
      abortPipeEarly: undefined
    },
    {
      kind: 'schema',
      type: 'object',
      input: undefined,
      expected: '"type"',
      received: 'undefined',
      message: 'Invalid key: Expected "type" but received undefined',
      requirement: undefined,
      path: [Array],
      issues: undefined,
      lang: undefined,
      abortEarly: undefined,
      abortPipeEarly: undefined
    },
    {
      kind: 'schema',
      type: 'object',
      input: undefined,
      expected: '"size"',
      received: 'undefined',
      message: 'Invalid key: Expected "size" but received undefined',
      requirement: undefined,
      path: [Array],
      issues: undefined,
      lang: undefined,
      abortEarly: undefined,
      abortPipeEarly: undefined
    }
  ]
}

TypeGuardError: Error on typia.createAssert(): invalid type on $input.title, expect to be string & MinLength<1>
    at Module._assertGuard (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/typia@15.1.0_ttsc@0.30.4/node_modules/typia/lib/internal/_assertGuard.mjs:18:9)
    at _ap2 (file:///schemas/dist/benchmarks-CK4zcJdQ.mjs:291:168)
    at _ao0 (file:///schemas/dist/benchmarks-CK4zcJdQ.mjs:328:132)
    at file:///schemas/dist/benchmarks-CK4zcJdQ.mjs:514:26
    at file:///schemas/dist/benchmarks-CK4zcJdQ.mjs:519:22
    at Object.throw (file:///schemas/dist/benchmarks-CK4zcJdQ.mjs:1174:4)
    at file:///bench/src/scripts/stack/log.ts:24:28 {
  method: 'typia.createAssert',
  path: '$input.title',
  expected: 'string & MinLength<1>',
  value: ''
}

ParseError: Parse
    at Module.Parse (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/typebox@1.3.36/node_modules/typebox/build/value/parse/parse.mjs:52:11)
    at Object.throw (file:///schemas/dist/benchmarks-D_ZiDnPZ.mjs:334:10)
    at file:///bench/src/scripts/stack/log.ts:24:28 {
  [cause]: {
    source: 'Parse',
    errors: [ [Object] ],
    value: {
      id: 252,
      created: 2026-10-09T11:04:12.453Z,
      title: '',
      brand: 'Sunny Backyard',
      description: 'Red apple from Lake Constance',
      price: 0,
      discount: null,
      quantity: 1000,
      tags: [Array],
      images: [Array],
      ratings: [Array]
    }
  }
}

SuryError: Failed at title: Expected 1 <= string.length <= 100, received ""
    at B_throw (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/sury@11.0.0/node_modules/sury/index.mjs:380:9)
    at Array.<anonymous> (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/sury@11.0.0/node_modules/sury/index.mjs:390:3)
    at eval (eval at compileDecoder (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/sury@11.0.0/node_modules/sury/index.mjs:1048:14), <anonymous>:3:358)
    at Object.throw (file:///schemas/dist/benchmarks-TFGDapyW.mjs:187:4)
    at file:///bench/src/scripts/stack/log.ts:24:28 {
  code: 'invalid_input',
  expected: Schema <[Object: null prototype] {}> {
    type: 'string',
    seq: 153,
    decoder: [Function: stringDecoderFn],
    expression: [Function (anonymous)],
    bounds: 3,
    minLength: 1,
    refiner: [Function: boundsRefiner],
    maxLength: 100
  },
  received: Schema <[Object: null prototype] {}> {
    type: 'string',
    seq: 153,
    decoder: [Function: stringDecoderFn],
    expression: [Function (anonymous)],
    bounds: 3,
    minLength: 1,
    refiner: [Function: boundsRefiner],
    maxLength: 100
  },
  path: [ 'title' ],
  reason: 'Expected 1 <= string.length <= 100, received ""',
  unionErrors: undefined,
  input: ''
}

StructError: At path: title -- Expected a value of type `string`, but received: `""`
    at validate (/node_modules/.pnpm/superstruct@2.0.2/node_modules/superstruct/dist/index.cjs:298:27)
    at assert (/node_modules/.pnpm/superstruct@2.0.2/node_modules/superstruct/dist/index.cjs:254:24)
    at Object.throw (file:///schemas/dist/benchmarks-D3e9kAGN.mjs:116:4)
    at file:///bench/src/scripts/stack/log.ts:24:28 {
  value: '',
  type: 'string',
  refinement: 'string with length between 1 and 100',
  key: 'title',
  path: [ 'title' ],
  branch: [
    {
      id: 252,
      created: 2026-10-09T11:04:12.052Z,
      title: '',
      brand: 'Sunny Backyard',
      description: 'Red apple from Lake Constance',
      price: 0,
      discount: null,
      quantity: 1000,
      tags: [Array],
      images: [Array],
      ratings: [Array]
    },
    ''
  ],
  failures: [Function (anonymous)]
}

ValidationError: Expected { id: number; created: Date; title: string; brand: string; description: string; price: number; discount: number | null; quantity: number; tags: string[]; images: { id: number; created: Date; title: string; type: "jpg" | "png"; size: number; url: string; }[]; ratings: { id: number; stars: number; title: string; text: string; images: { id: number; created: Date; title: string; type: "jpg" | "png"; size: number; url: string; }[]; }[]; }, but was incompatible
    at Object.check (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/runtypes@7.0.5/node_modules/runtypes/esm/Runtype.js:119:19)
    at Object.throw (file:///schemas/dist/benchmarks-Bji2hG8P.mjs:81:11)
    at file:///bench/src/scripts/stack/log.ts:24:28 {
  failure: {
    success: false,
    message: 'Expected { id: number; created: Date; title: string; brand: string; description: string; price: number; discount: number | null; quantity: number; tags: string[]; images: { id: number; created: Date; title: string; type: "jpg" | "png"; size: number; url: string; }[]; ratings: { id: number; stars: number; title: string; text: string; images: { id: number; created: Date; title: string; type: "jpg" | "png"; size: number; url: string; }[]; }[]; }, but was incompatible',
    code: 'CONTENT_INCORRECT',
    expected: Object [Runtype<{ id: number; created: Date; title: string; brand: string; description: string; price: number; discount: number | null; quantity: number; tags: string[]; images: { id: number; created: Date; title: string; type: "jpg" | "png"; size: number; url: string; }[]; ratings: { id: number; stars: number; title: string; text: string; images: { id: number; created: Date; title: string; type: "jpg" | "png"; size: number; url: string; }[]; }[]; }>] {
      tag: 'object',
      fields: [Object],
      isExact: false
    },
    received: {
      id: 252,
      created: 2026-10-09T11:04:11.787Z,
      title: '',
      brand: 'Sunny Backyard',
      description: 'Red apple from Lake Constance',
      price: 0,
      discount: null,
      quantity: 1000,
      tags: [Array],
      images: [Array],
      ratings: [Array]
    },
    details: {
      title: [Object],
      price: [Object],
      quantity: [Object],
      tags: [Object],
      images: [Object],
      ratings: [Object]
    }
  }
}

[Error [ValidationError]: "title" is not allowed to be empty] {
  _original: {
    id: 252,
    created: 2026-10-09T11:04:11.659Z,
    title: '',
    brand: 'Sunny Backyard',
    description: 'Red apple from Lake Constance',
    price: 0,
    discount: null,
    quantity: 1000,
    tags: [ 'fruit', null, 'round', undefined, 'juicy', 'healthy' ],
    images: [ [Object], [Object], [Object] ],
    ratings: [ [Object], [Object] ]
  },
  details: [
    {
      message: '"title" is not allowed to be empty',
      path: [Array],
      type: 'string.empty',
      context: [Object]
    }
  ]
}

{
  issue: Composite {
    '~effect/SchemaIssue/Issue': '~effect/SchemaIssue/Issue',
    _tag: 'Composite',
    ast: Objects {
      '~effect/Schema': '~effect/Schema',
      annotations: undefined,
      checks: undefined,
      encoding: undefined,
      context: undefined,
      _tag: 'Objects',
      propertySignatures: [Array],
      indexSignatures: [],
      encodingChecks: undefined
    },
    issues: [ [Pointer] ]
  },
  _tag: 'SchemaError',
  '~effect/Schema/SchemaError': '~effect/Schema/SchemaError'
}

Decoding error: 
{
  "id": 252,
  "created": new Date('2026-10-09T11:04:11.259Z'),
  "title": "",
           ^^ Too short, must be at least 1 char
  "brand": "Sunny Backyard",
  "description": "Red apple from Lake Constance",
  "price": 0,
           ^ Too low, must be between 1 and 10000
  "discount": null,
  "quantity": 1000,
              ^^^^ Too high, must be between 0 and 10
  "tags": [
    "fruit",
    null,
    ^^^^ Must be string (at index 1)
    "round",
    undefined,
    "juicy",
    "healthy",
  ],
  "images": [
    {
      "created": null,
                 ^^^^ Must be a Date
      "title": "Close up of an apple on a tree",
      "type": "mp4",
              ^^^^^ Must be one of 'jpg', 'png'
      "size": 92357232,
      "url": "https://www.example.com/images/248",
    },
    ^ Missing key: 'id' (at index 0)
    {
      "id": 295,
      "created": new Date('2026-10-09T11:04:11.259Z'),
      "title": "Our apples in the final packaging",
      "type": "jpg",
      "size": 83247232,
    },
    {
      "id": 723,
      "created": new Date('2026-10-09T11:04:11.259Z'),
      "title": "Our fruit fields at Lake Constance",
      "type": "jpg",
      "size": 72356345,
      "url": "https://www.example.com/images/723",
    },
  ],
  "ratings": [
    {
      "id": 315,
      "stars": 4.5,
      "title": "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean ..." [truncated],
      "text": "Tastes super delicious",
      "images": [
        {
          "id": 835,
          "created": new Date('2026-10-09T11:04:11.259Z'),
          "title": "The result of our apple pie",
          "type": "jpg",
          "size": 8247493,
          "url": "https://www.example.com/images/835",
        },
      ],
    },
    {
      "id": 642,
      "stars": 5,
      "title": "Very tasty! I will buy them again!",
      "text": "In enim justo, rhoncus ut, imperdiet a, venenatis vitae, justo. N..." [truncated],
      "images": [
        {
          "id": "abc",
                ^^^^^ Must be number
          "created": undefined,
          "title": "The fruit salad in a bowl",
          "type": "jpg",
          "size": 3582543,
          "url": "INVALID_URL",
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Must be URL
        },
        ^ Missing key: 'created' (at index 0)
        {
          "id": 465,
          "created": new Date('2026-10-09T11:04:11.259Z'),
          "url": "https://www.example.com/images/465",
        },
      ],
    },
    ^ index 1
  ],
}
    at format (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/decoders@2.12.2/node_modules/decoders/dist/index.js:366:18)
    at Decoder.verify (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/decoders@2.12.2/node_modules/decoders/dist/index.js:411:15)
    at Object.throw (file:///schemas/dist/benchmarks-IH3-1VHX.mjs:82:11)
    at file:///bench/src/scripts/stack/log.ts:24:28

TraversalError: 
  • images[0].created must be a Date (was null)
  • images[0].id must be a number (was missing)
  • images[0].type must be "jpg" or "png" (was "mp4")
  • images[1].url must be a string (was missing)
  • price must be at least 1 (was 0)
  • quantity must be at most 10 (was 1000)
  • ratings[1].images[0].created must be a Date (was undefined)
  • ratings[1].images[0].id must be a number (was a string)
  • ratings[1].images[0].url must be a URL string (was "INVALID_URL")
  • ratings[1].images[1].size must be a number (was missing)
  • ratings[1].images[1].title must be a string (was missing)
  • ratings[1].images[1].type must be "jpg" or "png" (was missing)
  • tags[1] must be a string (was null)
  • tags[3] must be a string (was undefined)
  • title must be non-empty
    at ArkErrors.toTraversalError (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/@ark+schema@0.56.7/node_modules/@ark/schema/out/shared/errors.js:154:16)
    at ArkErrors.throw (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/@ark+schema@0.56.7/node_modules/@ark/schema/out/shared/errors.js:147:20)
    at file:///node_modules/.pnpm/@ark+schema@0.56.7/node_modules/@ark/schema/out/node.js:166:85
    at Traversal.finalize (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/@ark+schema@0.56.7/node_modules/@ark/schema/out/shared/traversal.js:112:29)
    at IntersectionNode.rootApply (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/@ark+schema@0.56.7/node_modules/@ark/schema/out/node.js:118:32)
    at BaseNode.attach (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/@ark+schema@0.56.7/node_modules/@ark/schema/out/node.js:33:25)
    at IntersectionNode.assert (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/@ark+schema@0.56.7/node_modules/@ark/schema/out/node.js:166:42)
    at Object.throw (file:///schemas/dist/benchmarks-lkq8X-XU.mjs:135:11)
    at file:///bench/src/scripts/stack/log.ts:24:28

ValidationError: validation failed
    at Object.throw (file:///schemas/dist/benchmarks-CbDatK3t.mjs:228:10)
    at file:///bench/src/scripts/stack/log.ts:24:28 {
  errors: [
    {
      instancePath: '/title',
      schemaPath: '#/properties/title/minLength',
      keyword: 'minLength',
      params: [Object],
      message: 'must NOT have fewer than 1 characters'
    }
  ],
  validation: true,
  ajv: true
}

CombinedPropertyError (6)
  /eceived one or more errors/

  input.title
  | ExpectedConstraintError > s.string().lengthGreaterThanOrEqual()
  |   /nvalid string length/
  | 
  |   Expected: expected.length >= 1
  | 
  |   /eceived:/
  |   | ''

  input.price
  | ExpectedConstraintError > s.number().greaterThanOrEqual()
  |   /nvalid number value/
  | 
  |   Expected: expected >= 1
  | 
  |   /eceived:/
  |   | 0

  input.quantity
  | ExpectedConstraintError > s.number().lessThanOrEqual()
  |   /nvalid number value/
  | 
  |   Expected: expected <= 10
  | 
  |   /eceived:/
  |   | 1000

  input.tags
  | CombinedPropertyError (2)
  |   /eceived one or more errors/
  | 
  |   input[1]
  |   | ValidationError > s.string()
  |   |   /xpected a string primitive/
  |   | 
  |   |   /eceived:/
  |   |   | null
  | 
  |   input[3]
  |   | ValidationError > s.string()
  |   |   /xpected a string primitive/
  |   | 
  |   |   /eceived:/
  |   |   | undefined

  input.images
  | CombinedPropertyError (2)
  |   /eceived one or more errors/
  | 
  |   input[0]
  |   | CombinedPropertyError (3)
  |   |   /eceived one or more errors/
  |   | 
  |   |   input.id
  |   |   | [MissingPropertyError: id]
  |   | 
  |   |   input.created
  |   |   | [ValidationError: s.date()]
  |   | 
  |   |   input.type
  |   |   | [CombinedError]
  | 
  |   input[1]
  |   | CombinedPropertyError (1)
  |   |   /eceived one or more errors/
  |   | 
  |   |   input.url
  |   |   | [MissingPropertyError: url]

  input.ratings
  | CombinedPropertyError (1)
  |   /eceived one or more errors/
  | 
  |   input[1]
  |   | CombinedPropertyError (1)
  |   |   /eceived one or more errors/
  |   | 
  |   |   input.images
  |   |   | [CombinedPropertyError]

    at _ObjectValidator.handleIgnoreStrategy (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/@sapphire+shapeshift@5.0.0/node_modules/@sapphire/shapeshift/dist/esm/index.mjs:3789:72)
    at _ObjectValidator.handleStrategy (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/@sapphire+shapeshift@5.0.0/node_modules/@sapphire/shapeshift/dist/esm/index.mjs:3654:47)
    at _ObjectValidator.handle (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/@sapphire+shapeshift@5.0.0/node_modules/@sapphire/shapeshift/dist/esm/index.mjs:3759:17)
    at _ObjectValidator.parse (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/@sapphire+shapeshift@5.0.0/node_modules/@sapphire/shapeshift/dist/esm/index.mjs:2652:88)
    at Object.throw (file:///schemas/dist/benchmarks-CuqV2Mlf.mjs:94:11)
    at file:///bench/src/scripts/stack/log.ts:24:28

ValidationError: Validation failed
    at parse (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/@remix-run+data-schema@1.0.0/node_modules/@remix-run/data-schema/dist/lib/schema.js:841:15)
    at Object.throw (file:///schemas/dist/benchmarks-C-Mp2YnY.mjs:72:4)
    at file:///bench/src/scripts/stack/log.ts:24:28 {
  issues: [
    { message: 'Expected at least 1 characters', path: [Array] },
    {
      message: 'Expected number greater than or equal to 1',
      path: [Array]
    },
    {
      message: 'Expected number less than or equal to 10',
      path: [Array]
    },
    { message: 'Expected string', path: [Array] },
    { message: 'Expected string', path: [Array] },
    { message: 'Expected number', path: [Array] },
    { message: 'Expected instance of Date', path: [Array] },
    { message: 'Expected one of: jpg, png', path: [Array] },
    { message: 'Expected string', path: [Array] },
    { message: 'Expected number', path: [Array] },
    { message: 'Expected instance of Date', path: [Array] },
    { message: 'Expected valid URL', path: [Array] },
    { message: 'Expected string', path: [Array] },
    { message: 'Expected one of: jpg, png', path: [Array] },
    { message: 'Expected number', path: [Array] }
  ]
}

PaseriError: Failed to parse. See `e.messages()` for details.
    at ObjectSchema.parse (file:///node_modules/.pnpm/@jsr+paseri__paseri@1.9.7/node_modules/@jsr/paseri__paseri/src/schemas/schema.js:99:11)
    at Object.throw (file:///schemas/dist/benchmarks-B7VMCbTl.mjs:91:11)
    at file:///bench/src/scripts/stack/log.ts:24:28 {
  _issue: {
    type: 'join',
    left: { type: 'join', left: [Object], right: [Object] },
    right: { type: 'nest', key: 'ratings', child: [Object] }
  }
}

PaseriError: Failed to parse. See `e.messages()` for details.
    at Object.parseProduct [as parse] (file:///schemas/dist/benchmarks-BNeQiyga.mjs:1014:8)
    at Object.throw (file:///schemas/dist/benchmarks-BNeQiyga.mjs:1063:12)
    at file:///bench/src/scripts/stack/log.ts:24:28 {
  _issue: {
    type: 'join',
    left: { type: 'join', left: [Object], right: [Object] },
    right: { type: 'nest', key: 'ratings', child: [Object] }
  }
}